what are two actions performed by a cisco switch

Upgrade the MLS-RP and SE to meet minimum software and hardware requirements. Also, after we turn on portfast, the elapsed time for the port to come up is already less than 1 second, so there is not much point to try to change speed/duplex negotiation settings to speed things up. In addition to the technical details, this document presents design considerations and sample configurations to illustrate the EVPN Multi-Site approach. For the purposes of this documentation set, bias-free is defined as language that does not imply discrimination based on age, disability, gender, racial identity, ethnic identity, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, and intersectionality. GET: The GET operation is a request sent by the manager to the managed device. form an EtherChannel bundle with distribution switches, and a link failure within an EtherChannel would not have any impact OSPF DR / BDR election does not occur with this type. show version - to display what version of software the switch runs. For other IP Data-plane Learning configuration locations, please refer to IP Data-plane Learning subsection in Bridge domain-level configuration options and IP Data-plane Learning subsection in EPG-level configuration options. If LEAF1 and LEAF2 are second-generation leaf switches, this learning (MAC/IP address local endpoint learning and IP address remote endpoint learning) would be prevented in this scenario, because the source IP address 10.0.0.99 is classified into routes learned from L3Out, which means that this IP address should not be local to Cisco ACI. imp-L3Out--peer- or exp-L3Out--peer-. This behavior prevents situations in which an L4-L7 virtual IP address is learned mistakenly from a Web EPG. Please refer to the L3Out contracts section for details. are multiple receivers on the egress switch, only one packet is replicated and forwarded over the StackWise Virtual link, The traffic that conforms to the policer rate is transmitted without altering the DSCP value. In addition to the EVPN Multi-Site functions, the BGW allows coexistence of VRF-aware connectivity with VRF-lite. Default-route advertisement in OSPF Regular area. This feature is to set the maximum count for the Allow Self AS option under BGP controls. The only difference is that Transit Routing between the same L3Outs using the same protocol on the same border leaf is not supported for EIGRP. The DSR configuration is downloaded to all the leaf switches on which the EPG with an L4-L7 virtual IP address is deployed, or on which an EPG with a contract with the EPG with the L4-L7 virtual IP address is deployed, regardless of the contract direction. Prior to these releases, this option was disabled by default. In contrast, the MLS mode on the MLS-SE is explicitly configured. As a result of these actions, the BGW will continue to operate only as a site-internal VTEP. Hence it still uses redistribution and relies on Redistributed Route Summarization instead of Inter-Area Route Summarization. the Layer 3 protocols for Cisco StackWise Virtual. The traffic matches Class-B are configured to set the DSCP value to AF21. Please refer to the L3Out Transit Routing section for details. Figure 82 shows one of the typical topology examples for this issue with Multi-Pod. This is because, by default, directly connected subnets are assigned pcTag 1, which is a special pcTag to bypass a contract. The underlay transport network within or between the sites is responsible for hashing the VXLAN traffic among the available equal-cost paths. An alternative of access control in the strict sense (physically controlling access itself) is a system of checking authorized presence, see e.g. Enable and disable Endpoint Data-plane Learning under the VRF, Disabling IP Data-plane Learning: forwarding behavior and design considerations. In order to limit maximum output on a port, configure the srr-queue bandwidth limit interface configuration command. Hence, only the configured routes can be learned in the BGP table in the first place. The switch does not actually route; it rewrites the frames so that it appears to the end devices that they talk through the router. to 2. By using this option you can disable (or re-enable) endpoint data-plane IP learning for the host address (or addresses) that you have added under the EPG subnet configuration. Shaping provides a more even flow of traffic over time and reduces the peaks and valleys of bursty traffic. In this example, BD1 is supposed to be L2BD. The topology with a normal port channel or access port (For example, one border leaf switch for each firewall) for two border leaf switchesone for eachis supported regardless of the generation of the leaf switch, starting from Cisco ACI Release 2.2(2), regardless of whether a multiple-pod or single-pod design is used. To access Cisco Feature Navigator, over the StackWise Virtual link are encapsulated with a special StackWise Virtual Header (SVH). Another way to view the Portfast settings for one or more ports is to view the spanning tree information for a specific VLAN. session. VOIP traffic needs to be assigned a DSCP value of EF: Traffic from TCP 1494 needs to be assigned a DSCP value of CS4: All other traffic needs to be assigned CS3: On the Cisco Catalyst 3750 Switch, policing can only be configured on the ingress port. If 75 percent of the interval is reached, the leaf node sends three ARP requests to verify the presence of the endpoint. Local End Point Aging Interval: The amount of time in seconds that a leaf node can keep each local endpoint in its endpoint table without further updates. Detailed use cases and explanations are presented later in this document. Some cards and platforms also support Gigabit EtherChannel and have the ability to use from two to eight ports in an EtherChannel. Figures 4 and 5 show examples of local and remote endpoint learning. The following additional options are available, as in a standalone NX-OS: no-prepend This option prevents ACI from prepending the local AS in the AS_PATH of routes learned from this neighbor. When server1 is active and server2 is standby, server1 takes care of 192.168.2.100 that is learned on Leaf2 E1/1. Prior to Cisco ACI Release 3.0(1k), if this option is disabled or enabled on a bridge domain that was already configured, the following happens: Cisco ACI flushes all endpoint IP addresses learned on the bridge domain. The same limitation as for outbound route-maps apply. The default switch number will be 1. Cisco ACI and traditional networks, Relationship of IP to MAC (only for Layer 3 outside [L3Out] connections). IP SLA (Track List) for L3Out Static Route in GUI (APIC release 4.1). Note: In this EPG-to-EPG routed-traffic example, the contract policy will be applied on the egress leaf as the remote endpoint IP is not learned. If the destination MAC address is not in the CAM table (the address is unknown), the switch sends the frame out all other ports that are in the same VLAN as the received frame. It does not flood the frame out the same port on which the frame was received. Match Routing Policy Only This type will use only the match criteria configured in the Route Profile and ignore prefixes from the component to which the Route Profile is associated. End-to-end VXLAN OAM is supported as of Cisco NX-OS 7.0(3)I7(1). The MLS-RP interfaces are in an 'up/up' state on the router: type show ip interface brief on the router to confirm this. The concept is the same no matter what speeds or number of links are involved. a. Input map tables and ingress queueing can be configured globally. Thus, as long as you disable the Endpoint Dataplane Learning option, the service leaf doesnt learn 192.168.1.1 from the Svc-internal-bridge domain in PBR example shown in the figure. A Next Hop Addresses entry can have either an IP SLA Policy or a Track Policy, not both. But, since this is merged into implicit route maps, the actual sequence number will not be the same as this order number. If the destination is a remote switch in the StackWise Virtual domain, ingress It is not possible to detect the correct duplex mode in the same way that the correct speed can be detected. Pattern 1: Both interfaces are in the same Logical Interface Profile A under a Logical Node Profile A. 0000013687 00000 n active role. The CPU on the Cisco StackWise Virtual active switch runs the IPv4 routing protocols and performs any required software forwarding. In the second step, the endpoint with MAC2 and IP2 on LEAF2 moves to LEAF4, and the new local endpoint is created on LEAF4. 0000002374 00000 n Only IP addresses in the VRF default instance that are extended with the matching tag of the route map are redistributed. For external connectivity, the use of physical Layer 3 interfaces is preferred, with each interface in a separate VRF instance. Note that even though a traditional VTEP would work to connect to a BGW from a site-external network, such externally connected VTEPs would not perform any extended BGW functions such as site-internal VTEP masking. Advertise ACI internal routes (BD subnets) to outside ACI, 4. A switch can greatly increase the available bandwidth in your network, which can lead to improved network performance. The frame is not sent out the same port on which the frame was received. If instead the reason for the IP address flapping is not due to data plane traffic, but to continuous ARP responses from different hosts/MAC addresses, Rogue EP Control will still take effect. The dual active and StackWise Virtual link configuration must be performed manually and the device should be rebooted for Traditional routing is done through a central CPU and software; MLS offloads a significant portion of routing (packet rewrite) to hardware and has also been termed switching. To disable Cisco StackWise Virtual on a switch, perform the following procedure: no stackwise-virtual dual-active-detection. We know from the output and from the show spantree command that spanning tree is active on this port. There are two elements in Route Profile for L3Out EPG. You can also turn trunking on for all the ports before you create the channel, or you can turn it on after you create the channel (as we do here). Basic OSPF configuration is much simpler than BGP in ACI because there is no need to take ACI BGP AS from infra MP-BGP into consideration. The required DSCP value for the voice payload is DSCP EF. This use case demonstrates why unicast routing should be disabled when a bridge domain is supposed to perform only Layer 2 switching (For example, when an endpoints default gateway is outside Cisco ACI). Use default-export/default-import with Explicit Prefix List of 0.0.0.0/0 and an Aggregate option (Figure 110). This implies, with the example of Figure 78, where L3Out EPG A has 10.0.0.0/8 with an External Subnets for the External EPG scope, if an external IP such as 10.1.1.1 is learned as a normal endpoint due to a traffic path design mistake or IP spoofing, etc., the packet with IP 10.1.1.1 from or to L3Out 1 will be using a pcTag for the normal EPG of the endpoint 10.1.1.1 instead of L3Out EPG A, because an endpoint is a /32 entry which is preferred to /8 entry in LPM. Export Route Control Subnet This scope is to advertise (export) a subnet from ACI to the outside via an L3Out. In other words, if you issue the set port speed {mod_num/port_num} auto command, it resets both port speed sensing and duplex mode sensing to auto. The standalone NX-OS equivalent command for OSPF Regular area is the following: The standalone NX-OS equivalent command for OSPF NSSA area is the following: area 0.0.0.1 nssa default-information-originate, Default-route advertisement in OSPF Stub area. The components in each Route Profile represent the components in a route map on a normal router, as Figure 96 illustrates. The EPG to classify traffic that enters or leaves the ACI fabric via an L3Out is typically called L3Out EPG or External EPG, located under Tenant > Networking > External Routed Networks > L3OU > Networks > L3Out EPG. If IP Data-plane Learning is disabled, endpoint learning information is not updated through RST from server1. By default, DSR does not work in Cisco ACI because of data-plane IP learning. Also, connectivity models that use SVI and interface VLANs and IEEE 802.1q tagged Layer 2 interfaces (trunks) are not supported on the BGW. Leaf1# show bgp ipv4 unicast neighbors vrf TK:VRF1 | egrep 'BGP nei|Outbound', BGP neighbor is 102.0.0.9, remote AS 65009, ebgp link, Peer index 1, <-- exp-L3Out--peer. On each leaf, BGP IPv4/v6 AF has export and import rules with the route target (RT) to exchange routes with VPNv4/v6 AF. Table 3 lists the Cisco ACI leaf switches by generation. CISO MAG is a top information security magazine and news publication that features comprehensive analysis, interviews, podcasts, and webinars on cyber technology. It allows ACI to advertise a route to the eBGP peer even if the most recent AS in the AS_PATH of the route is the same as the remote AS for the eBGP peer. The Cisco Catalyst 3750 Switch has two ingress queues. It is enabled per EIGRP Interface Profile with KeyChain. peer switch. Hence, the recommendation is to read this document with some basic understanding of ACI along with decent knowledge of standard routing protocols such as OSPF, EIGRP, BGP and MP-BGP. Despite its name, OSPF Timer Policy has some configuration parameters other than timers. The remaining 8 Gbps ring bandwidth is shared by queue 1 and queue 2. ip prefix-list DEFAULT-ROUTE seq 5 permit 0.0.0.0/0 le 1. Please see the Stale Interval option, above. This is the default logging level (2) for spanning tree, which means that only critical situations are reported. In order to verify that PAgP is off, use the show port channel command. Note: In cases where only Layer 3 extension is configured on the BGW an additional loopback interface is required. These These two graphics show the pin-outs required for a switch-to-switch crossover cable. Specify the OSPF network type (point to point) and OSPF process tag for site-internal underlay routing. First-generation leaf switches cannot reflect IP address movement between two MAC addresses on the same interface with the same VLAN to the endpoint database. From the BGWs point of view, these externally learned IP prefixes are considered to originate locally from a BGW, using the BGP EVPN address family. Route Profile Example on L3Out EPG (Match Routing Policy Only). VM2 acquires the same IP address that previously belonged to VM1 (Figure 24). This grouping of ports is called a Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN). The details for each child component will be covered in each section later. You can also see that Portfast is enabled in the configuration output. The following sections present the main design principles for successfully deploying the EVPN Multi-Site architecture. Similar to other configurations/components in the ACI infra VRF such as ISIS between each switch, this configuration is also automated in the background. It could become stale after IP1 ceases communication with IP2 and moves to LEAF2 while IP1 is still continuing to send traffic toward the L3Out connection on LEAF3. This figure illustrates our test environment. Users need to be careful regarding the unique behavior that results from using 0.0.0.0/0 as the subnet with an External Subnets for the External EPG scope. This feature was introduced in APIC Release 1.2(2). BGP Route Summarization in GUI (APIC Release 3.2). Thus, it affects only traffic to or from the L3Out. The IP routing is enabled on the MLS-RP (it is on by default): if the command no ip routing appears in the global configuration of a show run, it has been turned off, and IP MLS does not function. When a port in the channel goes down, any packets that are normally sent on that port are shifted over to the next port in the channel. If the dampened endpoint is still in the endpoint table on the leaf, the endpoint is published to the spine COOP database. When migrating Layer 3 gateway (L3GW) connectivity to Cisco ACI, you can mitigate this impact by enabling the Limit IP Learning To Subnet option when the bridge domain is configured as a Layer 2only bridge domain. This causes both prefixes (10.0.0.0/24 and 10.0.0.128/25) to be mapped to the single global pcTag 10000 in VRF 2. The route-server approach allows you to rein in the control-plane exchanges between all the BGWs across sites with a simplified peering model. The connection between the BGWs in the same site allows proper BUM-traffic handling during normal operations and failure scenarios, without requiring designated-forwarder reelection. xxxx.yyyy. Transit Routing in GUI (APIC Release 3.2). Typically, a load balancer is in the path between the client and the server: for both client-to-server incoming traffic and server-to-client returning traffic. To use multiple VRF instances on a single physical Layer 3 interface, the use of subinterfaces is recommended. Model with BGW between spine and superspine. However, Cisco ACI needs to know only the next hop (external router) for those prefixes. Remove private AS In outgoing eBGP route updates to this neighbor, remove all private AS numbers from the AS_PATH when the AS_PATH has only private AS numbers. This section analyses in more details the ACI forwarding when IP Data-plane Learning is disabled. This section provides an overview of the goals and prerequisites for this document. If something changes in the network, the router can tell the switch to erase its layer-three cache and build it from scratch again as the situation evolves. Despite the advantages mentioned here, in some specific scenarios you may need to disable the endpoint learning function. The forward delay parameter is usually set to 15 seconds. The isolated BGW withdraws all of its advertised BGP EVPN routes (Route Type 2, Route Type 3, Route Type 4, and Route Type 5). Each switch is capable of forwarding over its local interfaces without involving other members. The loopback interface must be present in the same VRF instance on all BGW and with an individual IP address per BGW. In the example in Figure 10, if a consumer leaf (LEAF1) does not know the destination endpoint (192.168.2.1) information, traffic goes to a provider leaf (LEAF2) based on spine proxy, and LEAF2 learns the source endpoint (192.168.1.1) information through data-plane learning. (Note that the MAC address and responding IP address for the endpoint will be retained.). Enables the configured port-channel on the switch. difference in behavior for some protocols in Cisco StackWise Virtual. Point-to-point IP addressing is used for site-external underlay routing (point-to-point IP addressing with /30 is shown here). This feature works within a site. However, this approach presents risk in the absence of failure isolation, particularly when large and stretched Layer 2 networks are built with this new overlay networking design. When the IP Data-plane Learning option is disabled, it is recommended to ensure IP Aging option is enabled as well. Please remember that Export/Import Route Control Subnet scope only supports 0.0.0.0/0 to use Aggregate Export/Import option. Loopback Addresses This is to create loopback interfaces on this node manually with arbitrary IP addresses. Please check the section L3Out subnet scope options for details. But you cannot do the same with non-0.0.0.0/0 subnets; for example, multiple L3Out EPGs cannot be configured with the same non-0.0.0.0/0 with External Subnets for the External EPG in the same VRF. Figures 17, 18, and 19 show what happens when the Unicast Routing option is not disabled on an L2BD. Note:It is recommended to set both sides of the channel to desirable so that both sides try to initiate the channel if one side drops out. As we have seen, the transparent bridging algorithm floods unknown and broadcast frames out of all the ports that are in the same VLAN as the received frame. multisite border-gateway interface loopback100. Some of them are controlled by BD configurations. Table 5 summarizes the differences between local and remote endpoints. This results in a packet from both leaf switches, which is seen as a duplicate. The configured rate-limiting level represents the amount of BUM traffic allowed from each interface that faces the site-external network. 5. Reuse Limit Routes will be used and advertised again once the penalty of routes go below the Reuse Limit. The suggestions are relatively easy to implement and are very often the cause of workstation connectivity problems encountered during the workstation's initialization/startup phase. Note: You do not need to stop advertising from the site-external underlay because all site-external interfaces are considered to be down. and then replicated to all the local egress ports. The Cisco StackWise Virtual active and standby switches perform data traffic forwarding. The focus is advertising routes via OSPF L3Out A. For more information, refer to the section Enforce Subnet Check option, later in this document. Thus, an individual endpoints MAC address and host IP address must be seen within a site or across sites whenever bridging communication is required. Default Route Leak Policy for OSPF in GUI (APIC Release 3.2). When you add the VLAN back into the VLAN table, the ports become active again. CSCva56754 ACI: remote IP endpoint is not aging out due to L2 (bridged) traffic. Single mode fiber generally reaches 10 kilometers, and multimode fiber can usually reach 2 kilometers, but there is the special case of 100BaseFX multimode used in half duplex mode, which can only go 400 meters. Hence, the subnet advertisement configuration in one L3Out will be applied to all BGP peers in the same L3Out. In OSPF, ACI supports two summarization methods. Packets traversing a router interface configured with any of these features must be routed normally; no MLS shortcut are created. Learn external routes via routing protocols (or static routes), 2. This causes spanning tree loops, which generates an error, and shuts down the port. With this approach, and with the existence of an Equal-Cost Multipath (ECMP) network, all BGWs are always equally reachable and active for data-traffic forwarding. Changing the Hold Interval will not affect existing rogue endpoints hold timer. Disable Endpoint Dataplane Learning (PBR use case). This can be avoided using the switchport priority extend cos command. The MEC In order to know what to do with the frame, the switch learns the location of all devices on the segment. The introduction of the peer-type fabric-external function helps ensure that the advertised VTEP IP information is properly rewritten (virtual IP address) and that the RMAC address present in EVPN Route Type 2 and Route Type 5 matches the virtual MAC address of the BGW. A "port group" is a group of ports that is allowed to form an EtherChannel (2/1-4 is a port group in this example). Route Profile default-export / default-import in the GUI (APIC Release 3.2). In order to decide where to send a frame, the switch looks at the destination MAC address in a received frame and looks up that destination MAC address in the CAM table. When an SVI is used, this VLAN ID needs to be included in the VLAN Pool under the External Routed Domain (L3Domain) associated to the L3Out. The EVPN Multi-Site BGW generally supports connection of network services (L4-L7 services) such as firewalls, load balancers, and Intrusion Detection System (IDS) and Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) applications. See the L3Out contracts section for details on prefix-pcTag mapping. where weight1 is the percentage of the port speed to which the port should be limited. As mentioned in the L3Out bridge domain subsection, by default or with SVI Encap Scope Local, each L3Out allocates an L3Out BD/SVI per access-encap VLAN. LMP ensure the integrity of SVL links and monitors and maintains the health of the links. Verify that the VRF context (IP VRF instance) with the appropriate instance name has been prepared. The following explains each component in Figure 10: 1. Category 3 cable can be used for 10MB UTP connections, but category 5 must be used for 10/100 connections. After the remote endpoint is learned on LEAF3, a device with IP1 stops sending traffic to IP2 and moves to LEAF2. Note: For the external connectivity, interautonomous system option A and route distinguishers and route targets are required for the site-internal VXLAN BGP EVPN control plane. In this scenario, IP1 on LEAF1 is learned as a remote endpoint on border LEAF3 due to communication with normal endpoint IP2 on LEAF3. In addition to the Interface Type and the Protocol Interface Profile, one may need to configure the General tab in the Logical Interface Profile for optional interface-level features such as Data Plane Policing, NetFlow, PIM Interface Policy, Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP), and so on. Control traffic also includes module programming between the Cisco StackWise Virtual active switch and the switching The L3Out is the provider; the EPG is the consumer. Although having two different VLANs for each BGP peer may be doable, many times there are multiple BGP peers behind a single router or switch connected to a border leaf due to the nature of BGP peers that can be multi-hop L3 adjacencies, as Figure 23 shows. OSPF Route Summarization Inter-Area Routes. Hence the static route with a next-hop in the SVI 10 subnet remains in each routing table. A workstation connected to a switch usually does not cause spanning tree loops, usually does not need EtherChannel, and usually does not need to negotiate a trunking method. It is located at Tenant > Networking > Bridge Domain (Figure 29). Another part of the Cisco web site is populated by the Cisco Support and Documentation web site. The shared border can enable external connectivity with various Layer 3 technologies, depending on hardware and software capabilities. This section discusses the IP Data-plane Learning option that applies to an EPG subnet. Correctly orient the power button to the front case panel connector and reconnect. However, you can configure set in one class and trust in another class in the same policy-map. In order to map the CoS values to the egress queues: In order to map the DSCP values to the egress queues: Egress queue configuration allows you to configure two queue sets. If a single EVPN Multi-Site instance loses external connectivity, but other sites still have external connectivity, EVPN Multi-Site Layer 2 and Layer 3 extension will be used to reach external connectivity for remote sites. External Subnets for the External EPG scope, on the other hand, is to be configured on the L3Out that is learning the route. The route-map name is in a form of imp-L3Out--peer- or exp-L3Out--peer-. This section does not focus on the queueing portion of the QoS feature. By default, queue 2 is the priority queue and 10% of total internal ring bandwidth is allocated to the priority queue. If these criteria are not met, the packet is routed normally without the use of MLS. Try to work with the switch software first. This option is supported for OSPF and EIGRP L3Outs. In spite of the time involved, STP is a good thing. The default mode of the channel is auto. A BGP route server performs the same route reflection function as an iBGP route reflector. Restarts the switch and the configuration takes effect. Configuring Cisco TrustSec Switch-to-Switch Link Security in Manual Mode Before you begin. This LSA includes a grace period, which is a time that the neighbor interface holds on to the LSAs from the restarting router. Example 3: If the port is a dot1q trunk port and the port is configured with the mls qos trust cos command, native VLAN frames will have CoS and DSCP values as 0.

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